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uHambo luka Mhlekazi u Andries Stockenström - ngo 1813



Lo ngu mfo owenziwa igosa lama Ngesi e Mpuma Kapa kwiminyaka ephakathi kuka 1836 no 1838, waye ewathanda kakhulu amaXhosa futhi engafuni kuliwe nawo efuna kubekho uxolo phakathi kwawo nama Satilani (British settlers), yinto keleyo eyamenza wazondeka kuma Ngesi lwaza ke ulawulo lwakhe alwabi lude kangako, lwathabatha nje iminyaka emibini. u Andries lo wazalelwa eKapa ngo 1792 wakhulela kwa khona waza wathi ngo nyaka ka 1813 wathabatha uhambo olusingise emaXhoseni kuba yayisizwe esasidume kakhulu esi ngalo mihla, kwaye nama Ngesi enomdla wokufunda ngaso. Uye ke u Andries lo wathabatha inxaxheba kolo hambo lwalugunyaziswe ngu rhulumente wase Kapa, ehamba noo gxa bakhe ababini - amagama wabo asiwafumananga.Kodwa uhambo lwabo luye lwaphuma ngo mbindi we Kapa, banqumla e Stellenbosch bekhwele amaHashe wabo, benjenjeya ukucanda ezo ntaba ze bholandi, banqumla koo Pele (Paarl), nakoo Vustile (Worcester), baza kuthi gahh kwi karoo. Wonke lo mhlaba wawusele udliwe ngama Ngesi nama Bhulu, amaLawo ayesele ezizicaka kwi mizi yamabhulu, abaThwa bona kwakunzima kakhulu kubo kuba babezingelwa oku kwee nyamakazi, babulawe ngobuninzi babo ngama Bhulu ekunye nezicaka zawo amaLawo (ama-Khoi). Iye yaqhubeka ke lento iinkulungwane zeminyaka, 'de lama Bhulu agagana nama Xhosa phesheya ko mlambo i Nqweba, kuloo mathafa-ntlango akoo Abhedini, kude kufuphi ne Rhafu - le yi ndawo eyayisaziwa ngamaXhosa ngokuba kuse Qamdobowa; u Mdange sele esuka apha eze kudla iinkomo zama Lawo, enyanyatha iminyani; oko kukuthi wayesolula iinyawo, ebuka ilizwe ukuba liqulathe ntoni na ngaphaya kwee ntaba. Aye ke amaBhulu axakana nento akudibana namaXhosa kuba, amaXhosa ayenge sizwe sifanayo nezizwe amaBhulu ebefudula edibana nhazo ngaphambili - esi samaXhosa isizwe sasiqinile, futhi sino mthetho kwaye sinayo nemikhosi nto leyo eyaye yenza kwabanzima ngakuma bhulu ukuba enze la nothanda kwakukudala ewenza kuma Lawo nakuba Thwa. Aqala ke kaloku amaBhulu athumela nge mva eKapa ukuba adibene nesizwe esi ntsundu esingafaniyo nhezo zazilapho kwi Ntshona Kapa. Wathi kuba no mkhonto woMxhosa wawuthande ukuqhelana nesikhumba se Bhulu, arhoxa amaBhulu abuyela kwase mva, kwada kwangenela urhulumente wamaNgesi owawume eKapa kuba yayisele unguye ophetheyo eKapa; wona amaNgesi ayengenelela ngee njongo zokuphawula imida, ukuze amaXhosa angaqhubeki aye phambili ngase ntshona, nawo amaNgesi esitsho esithi akakho umlungu oya kuwela iNqweba apho e Qamdobowa, awele ne Xelexwa (Gamtoos) ezantsi elunxwemeni ebhekise ngase Mpuma

U Andries ke utyelele emaXhoseni ngo 1813, ngeli xesha amaXhosa sele elwe iimfazwe ezine nabelungu; futhi amacala omabini ayengavumi kugoba phondo, esilwela lo mhlaba uphakathi ko mlambo iNxuba no mlambo i Xelexwa. Izizwe zasema Xhoseni ezazi zinze kulo mihlaba yayingama Ndlambe, amaGqunukhwebe, amaNtinde, amaGwali, nemiDange. Ama Gqunukhwebe ayezinze phakathi kwe Xelexwa, iGqeberha, iNgqurha ne Ncanarha; amaNdlambe ayezinze phakathi kwe Qhorha, iCoyi, Mnyameni, iNxuba, ukuza nganeno ukuza kuthi gaah ku Gompo (East London); imiDange-amaNtinde-amaGwali ayese mbindini ngaphesheya kwe Nxuba, koo Qamdobowa ukuza nganeno kwii ntaba zika nojoli (Somerset East); ukuqala apho kwii ntaba zika Nojoli ukuza nganeno ko Khobonqaba, Ngcwenxa, Xesi, Khubusi iyimpi yama Ngqika yonke leyo. Ukusuka koo Kwelerha, oo Qumrha, ukuza kuthi gahh nge mbambo ze Nciba ibiyimpi ka Bhurhu leyo, yena emi eQumrha malunga nale ndawo inedolophu ngezi mini - ubuye wawelela kwanganeno kwe Nciba akuba amaGcaleka oyisiwe ngu Ngqika, akaphinda waba sabuyela emhlabeni wakhe; uye waya kumisa nganeno kwe Tsomo, ekungeneni e Nciba. Nganeno kwe Nciba ukuya kutsho ngo Mbhashe ibiyi mpi ka Hintsa yonke leyo, kuze ngaphaya ko Mbhashe ukuya kutsho ezibukweni lo mlambo i Mthatha ibeyi mpi ka Ntshunqe, amaBomvana. Ubumi ngoluhlobo ke umbuso wasemaXhoseni.

uye ke u Andries noo gxa bakhe bafikela esikhululweni e Qamdobowa (Graaf Reinet) kuba amaNgesi ayesele emise umzi wokubhalisa apho; benjenjeya ke oo Andries ukuza kuthi gahh koo Hewu noo Sada; ngelo xesha elo zwe lalingekamiwa ngaba Thembu, yayili lizwe laba Thwa, amaXhosa esiya nje kulo xa ezingela. Banqumle kwezo ntaba nalo milambo kukhala ibhungane, bemana ukudibana neziqhu zee nyamakazi. Bathe xa befika kwa Daliwe (Cathcart); bafika ikho apha impi yama Gcaleka ngobuninzi bayo, behlile baza kufika e Khubusi, nalapho bafike kukhala ibhungane kuba yayingomnye umhlaba wama Ngqika nama Gcaleka wokuzingela lowo. Bawelile e Nciba, bafika ilelona cala linabantu abaninzi elo, namasimi elinyiwe, imihlambi emikhulu kunene yee nkomo ikwii nduli ngee nduli, iibhokhwe zikho nhazo ngobuninzi kodwa iigusha zingekho. Abantu bale ndawo u Andries ubachaza njengabantu abanobubele angazange wabubona ngaphambili, ngoba babehamba bemiswa ngabantu bebapha amasi no mbona, bebabuza ukuba basingise ngaphi na; bathi bokuxela ukuba baya ko mkhulu, umzi usele ukhupha umfana wokuba aba pheleke, abanqandele nezinja. Umzi wokuqala abangene kuwo ngulowo we nkosi u Bhurhu ka Khawuta, e Tsonyana. uBhurhu wayeyindoda enamandla kunene apho kwa Gcaleka, elandela emva ko Hintsa ngokwamandla kulawulo, uye ke lomfo ungu Bhurhu wawamnkela lamanene; umfo omde onobom, okhanyayo nge bala. Wathi akuba ebaxhelele inkomo yokuba batye, ebalungiselele nee ndawo zokulala kwizindlu zalapho emzini wakhe; waqala wafuna ukuqonda ukuba bayihambele malunga nantoni na inkosi; bathe bona baze kutyelela inkosi enkulu yamaXhosa. Ngosuku olulandelayo adlula lamadoda, aya ngqo e Gcuwa kwi bhotwe lika Kumkani u Hintsa, nalapho afike sele elindwe li gquba lama phakathi; nhekucacayo ukuba ayeqokelelene ukuza ku bamnkela; kodwa umhlekazi yena engekho. Amaphakathi nawo awaphethe ngobubele lamadoda, ewaququzelela, ewaphathela izinto zokusela, futhi esitsho esithi mawaphumle xa ngaba engabantu abagqithayo, nezindlu zokulala sele zilungisiwe. Nalapha u Andries noo gxa bakhe baphiwe umbona namasi, ngelixa umbengo uhlihliza emalahleni. Ngosuku olu landelayo xa ilanga lijikayo; kwavela isiqhu samadoda kude kufuphi, ephethe amakhaka nemikhonto esiza nganeno apha e Bhotwe. Aye amaphakathi la ayeselapha ko mkhulu aphakama akhwaza ngazwi linye "Ahhh Zanzolo... Ahhh Zanzolo Ahhh Zanzolo" kathathu, akugqiba ahlala phantsi azola - kwasala indoda yanye yabonga umntwanenkosi, wada waza kuhlala kwisihlalo sakhe esenzelwe yena esambathiswe ngesikhumba se ngwe. Yena umhlekazi waye tyethe ingubo eyenziwe ngesikhumba se ngonyama, yaza yahonjiswa ngezikhumba ze mpungutye ebomvu, nezikhumbwa ze nkawu engwevu; kwingalo yase khohlo efake umxhaka owenziwe ngo phondo lwe ndlovu, entanyeni wayenxibe intsimbi eyenziwe ngamazinyo we ngonyama kwakunye nenye intsimbi eyenziwe ngobuhlalu obu m'bala wezulu, entloko ethwele umngqa (ipasi) okwenziwe ngobuhlalu obu mhlophe na bomvu nobu mbala usibhaka-bhaka; ezinyaweni enganxibanga zihlangu okanye zi mbadada.  Kuthe emzuzwini, akuba enzithile umntwanomhle egqibile nokubuza impilo kumaphakathi lawo; waqala wenza intetho ebhekise ku Andries noo gxa bakhe, exolisa ngokuba iindwendwe ezisuka kude kangako zifike engekho, esitsho esithi isizwe asiphetheyo sikhulu kakhulu ngoko ke sifuna asoloko esalusile ngamaxesha onke oku kwesi khukukazi saluse amantshontsho waso. Le ibiyinto nje ebeyithetha umhlekazi, ukungabikho kwakhe lisiko lasemaXhoseni, inkosi xa kuza indwendwe iyazimela iyokuhlala kude kufuphi, ize ithi yakubona ukuba indwendwe elo lize ngesihle ibuye iziveze, ize kuva ukuba ihanjelwe ngantoni na.

Kuthe emva kokuba oo Andries bekuxelile abakuzeleyo nama phakathi ne kumkani bevile; amaphakathi aphinda agxininisa izibhambathiso ze komkhulu ku mbuso lowo wase Ngilani; wokuba ikomkhulu lifuna ukuhlala ngoxolo; atsho esithi amaphakathi ezi zibhambathiso neminqophiso ibophelela isizwe sonke samaXhosa kuba kwa Ngqika, kwa Ndlambe nkqu nakuma Bomvana ayikho nenye inkosi exhelayo okanye isenge ingacelanga ku Hintsa. Kuthe kwakusa u Andries nabahlobo bakhe bacela indlela; bewelela kwanga phonoshono kwe nciba; bawele ikhubusi bengadibani namizi ngaphandle nje kwabazingeli. Bathe xa bezakufika kumlambo iQonce kwaba kukhona badibana nemizi emininzi; baliwelile iDebe baliwela ne Xesi bafika e Thyume, kwi bhotwe lika Lwaganda inkosi enkulu yama Rharhabe, kulo Mbombo. Nhaye u Lwaganda kufikwe engekho njengoba bekulindelekile kuba besithe inkosi kwa Xhosa iyahamba xa kuza indwendwe ide iqiniseke ukuba elo ndwendwe lize ngesihle. Ufikile ke nhaye u Ngqika kwakusa, wawamnkela lamadoda ngobubele; kodwa kuthwe xa kuxoxwa ngo singaye, amazwi nemisindo yathanda ukunyuka kuba inkosi yayikhalaza ngobusela bemfuyo yabantu bayo ebiwa ngama Satilani (Settlers), inkosi yayikwa khalaza ngobugebenga obenziwa kwangala masitilani bokuthi gqolo begebenga abantu bakhe. Kodwa wathembisa u Andries ukuba ezi zikhalazo uya kuzigqithisela kwabangentla kuye. Uye ke u Andries waba sele ebika okokuba kwa Hintsa sele esuka futhi wazixela nezibhambathiso ezenziwe ngu Hintsa ezenzela isizwe sonke; iye inkundla yamaNgqika yavuyiswa yilonto futhi bayixela into yokuba ewe u Hintsa uyinkosi enkulu yesizwe sonke kodwa bona bengama Ngqika imicimbi echaphazela bona bodwa bengama Ngqika ayinanto yakwenza na Hintsa. Umfundi makakhumbule ukuba, ngeli xesha kulapho iinkosi zazingaboni ngaso linye, u Ngqika efuna uzimele geqe, u Ndlambe wayesele emnkile ko mkhulu ebaleke impatho mbi noburhabaxa buka Ngqika, sele ezimele kude nesizwe sakhe amaNdlambe - igama elithi "amaRharhabe" lalisele liphelile. Kuthe emva kwezi ngxoxo, atsho nge ngoma ama Mbombo, engqungqa ngaloo makhaka ambhoxo, abanye iingubo bezibhinqe ezinqeni, bambi bezityathe emagxeni, iintsimbi zobuhlalu zijinga ezintanyeni, izandla ziduda phezulu oku kwee mpondo zenkomo. Unyana ka Ngqika u Maqoma wayelapho, ene mbola ebomvu yobukrwala, efunda umbuso wakowabo.

Oku kungaboni ngaso 'nye kwezi nkosi kwaye kwafikelela ku vuthondaba kwiminyaka emithathu elandelayo; emva kokuba amaphakathi ka Ngqika ethwele unin' omncinci uThuthula umnka Ndlambe, waza u Ndlambe waya kumangala kwa Gcaleka ku Hintsa. Waza ke u Hintsa no mkhosi wakhe, amabandla akulo Tete wawudibanisa noka Ndlambe - u Notyelwengeva, usigeng' ezibukweni ngo mkhonto, uhlumis' ameva abuy' amhlabe - u Ndabanduna. Yayilapha imidange ifunzwa ngu Bhotomane, ayelapha amaGqunukhwebe, amaNtinde, namaGwali - wambonzeleka loo mkhosi wamaXhosa kulo Mbombo, wachithwa u Ngqika nge mbubhisokazi enkulu. Uthe akugqiba ukuwohlwaya amaNgqika u Hintsa wabuyela kwako mkhulu; yena u Ngqika uchwechwele u Ndlambe eyedwa edibene namaNgesi, wambhuqa wadla inkomo azifumanayo, nxalenye yazo yoxuthwa ngabelungu besithi yi ntlawulo; bexutha ne ngxenye yo mhlaba wakhe, watsho waqonda u Lwaganda ukuba uzidibanise nee ngcuka ezambethe iimfele zegusha. Zavela apho ezi zibongo zakhe zithi "ngu ntsimangwana ka nkwebu, irhamncwa elidla umzi liwuphika lisithi udliwa ngoo Ntlebi; ngu mphambani nee ngcuka zigoduka, oo qhina ka qhonono mayizale inkomo sidle isigqokro". Xa siyivala singatsho sithi, indlu ka Ngqika ilungiswe ngu Maqoma xeshikweni ebambele u Sandile, kuba ebesondele kakhulu ku Hintsa u Jongumsobomvu, engenzi agqibe engagqithanga kuye. No Sandile uthe akungena elulawulweni, wasondela kakhulu ku Sarhili no Sarhili eluthembile uluvo ne nxaxheba ka Sandile, u Maqoma no Mhala into yakwa Ndlambe.

Mhasikhe sime apho nina baka "Lu qwang' olulushica, olutyiwa zingcuka nengonyama kuphela, Kanti nhazo azisokuze zilugqibe. u Bamb' ingwe nge ntamo afike amaXhosa seyipholile". Ngu Sigcawu ka Sarhili lowo Unonqane, iGqaza ela nqanqaza e Mngazana lafik' e Nqadu lafukama. Ahh Nonqane!!

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