Ukugxothwa kuka Mhlekazi u Maqoma e Ngcwenxa

intaba yo mnqwazi e Mathole

 iNgcwenxa li gama le ntlambo; intlambo enge nkulu kuyaphi kodwa ingencinci nhoko. Umthombo walo mlanjana uqala uzii ngxangxasi kwezo ntaba  zakowethu, iintaba eziyi nqaba kuthi mhla ngee ngxaki nee mbandezelo, iintaba zethu ze gugu - iintaba zase Mathole; lo mlambo uphuma malunga ne ntaba yo Mnqwazi (Katberg gab'la makhumsha), zithi ke ezo ngxangxasi apho kuloo ntaba yo mnqwazi zenze umntyangampo wee mpindo ezijiko-jiko, uguguthe ke umlambo wenjenjeyaa uku nqumla amajojo kunye nhe ntili entle kunene, intili ibifudula isaziwa ngokuba kuse "singqengqeni" ngamaXhosa welo xesha; ukanti sele isaziwa ngokuba yi "Bhofolo" ngoku. U mlambo iNgcwenxa uyohlula kubini le dolophu, ugqithe wehle uye kugalela kumlambo omkhulu - umlambo omkhulu kunene, umlambo i Nxuba (Fish River). Lo ke ngu mhlaba ka Maqoma u Jongumsobomvu, umfo ka Ngqika kwindlu yakhe yokunene. Ibizinze apha into ka Lwaganda ne mpi yayo yama Jingqi, amaJingq'angevayo; ukusukela e Ngcwenxa ukuya kuthi gaa e Khobonqaba (Adelaide). Lo ngowona mhlaba awathi wawusikelwa likomkhulu kowabo eselikrwala, ewusikelwa ukuba awume nesizwe sakhe nanjengokuba ilisiko kakade elo lokuba iduna lendlu yokunene liphume ko mkhulu liye kuzimela nesizwe salo, li lawule, ligwebe, zize zithi izibheno kunye nemicimbi erhintyela isizwe sonke samaXhosa liyise emva kowalo - ko mkhulu ukuba ixoxwe, zithi nezigqibo zithatyathwe khona apho.

Kambe ke u Jongumsobomvu akabanga nabom bumnandi tu kwaphela ukususela engu mfana kude kubesebuxhegweni - akazange wabu ngcamla ubuncwane bobukhosi kunye nawo wonke amaqithi-qithi athi wonke ubani oselulawulweni nase mthethweni awafumane. Singatsho ngeliphandle ukuba ubukhosi bamphathela iinzingo nokufa umntaka Ngqika; kuba ungene elulawulweni nge xesha apho isizwe sama Ngesi sasixhinele ukudla imihlaba ka Xhosa, ilizwe lali xola ngezolo liphinde life nge ngamsomnye. Wathi kuba u Maqoma waye yenye yeenkosi ezakhe ku mda wamaXhosa nama Ngesi, wangowokuqala ukuliva ulwamvila lobu Koloniyali lwama Ngesi.

eSingqengqeni(Fort Beufort)

Ukuzinza kuka Maqoma kuloo mhlaba uphakathi kwe Ngcwenxa ne Khobonqaba kufikisene nexesha apho u rhulumente wamaNgesi wawufudusa iinginginya zamaNgesi kwilizwe lawo iNgilani ngo mnyaka ka 1820, ezifudusela kwimihlaba exuthwe kumaXhosa, ngee njongo zokuba ezi nginginya zihlale kuyo njengabemi base Ngilani. Kuthe kuse njalo kwacaca ukuba lama Ngesi angxamele kumhlaba ka mhlekazi u Maqoma, kodwa akabonisa kuvuma nabuthathaka umntwanenkosi, wabambelela kuwo wotshela; bathi bangasondela - zisuke zigrhagrhame izinja zakhe, ahlehle ke nama Ngesi. Yenzeka lento iminyaka yaya kwisibhozo, nee nkomo zidliwa macala omabini, amaNgesi ewafaka amatyala ko mkhulu kwa Maqoma; ukanti nhaye umntwanenkosi ewafaka amatyala wokubiwa kwee nkomo zabantu bakhe kwi rhuluneli yamaNgesi eRhini. Kwahlalwa kujongenwe ngezikhondo zamehlo kuyilonto, amaNgesi ecinga indlela angamsusa ngayo kulo mhlaba kodwa exakiwe.

Kuthe ngo nyaka ka 1829 sele u Maqoma inguye ophethe amaRharhabe ebambele u Sandile, kuba uyise u Ngqika wayekhothamile kwangawo lo nyaka. Lithe ke lafa ilizwe ku baThembu be mfuduko (Emigrant Thembus), kusilwa amaTshatshu ekhokelwe ngu Maphasa nama Gcina ekhokelwe ngu Galela. Kambe abaThembu bangaba ne ngcombolo ehluthiyo kunam ngalo m'ba; kodwa thina kwelicala lethu lamaXhosa esikwaziyo kukuba, u Galela wawabetha wawachitha amaTshatshu. Athe amaTshatshu akubona ukuba oyisiwe ngamaGcina, wasele ebaleka u Maphasa umntaka Bhawana waya kucela uncedo kumaRharhabe apho kwendele khona u Dadewabo u Suthu unina ka Sandile umnka Ngqika. Ithe ke yenza ngokwesiko lasema Xhoseni into ka Ngqika idibene ne nkosikazi yamaRharhabe u Suthu, bathumela ku Hintsa bemchazela ngokukuko - yanqwala into ka Khawuta yathi makaxelelwe u Maqoma ukuba enze ngokokufanelekileyo. Asele eyikhwaza ke eyakowawo amabandla akulo Jingqi, amaBandla akulo mbombo nase Mnzwini enjenjeyaa ukuxwesa iintaba zase Mathole esingise kwela Bathembu phofu u Ndabangaye ingama Gcina. Yaba ngu wayi-wayi, nqwam-nqwam jwii, wojiwa emsini u Galela ngu Jongumsobomvu, wamdla amakhulu weenkomo, akugqiba wabuyisela u mntaka Bhawana kwindawo yakhe, kwatsho kwaluxolo kwakhona.

AmaNgesi wona kwelawo icala avile ngee mpukane eziluhlaza ukuba amaJingqi alwe nabaThembu awoyisa, adla nee nkomo. Asele ke amaNgesi embeka ityala u Maqoma, esitsho esithi ayamgxotha kulo Mmandla we Ngcwenxa ne Khobonqaba, makaphindele emva kowabo e Xesi kuba udunga uxolo. Waba ke uyaphulukana naloo mhlaba umntaka Ngqika; umhlaba ebesithi xa ethetha ngawo kwii mbizo neenkosi zakowabo, akhale ade abenesingqala. Ngu mhlaba lo angawulwelanga nje kuphela kodwa wawuthothozela iminyaka esiqithini, wabuya esiqithini ebuyela kwakuwo nge tshova, wabanjwa wabuyiselwa kwasesi qithini apho wathi waphulukana no bomi bakhe. Sathathwa isizwe sakhe samaJingqi sayakuphoswa ku Centane kumhlaba wamaGcaleka eGqunkqe, kulapho sisekhoyo nanamhlanje.

Sir Harry Smith (u Saqhwithi ongathandekiyo) - woyiswa ngu Maqoma ngo 1852, wabuyela eNgilani

Yhanga umphefumlo wo mntwanenkosi ungaphumla ngonaphakade kuba kaloku akazange wakuva ukonwaba umntaka Lwaganda. Uxanduva lobunkokheli nedyokhwe yobukhosi zamhlala entanyeni ukususela engu mfana oselikrwala okwakusafanele ukuba ave iziyolo zobutsha; kodwa akubanga njalo kule ndodana, kuba amaxesha amnyanzela ukuba akhokele; futhi wakwenza oko umntwanomhle ngomzimba ongena dyudyu. Nge Dabi lase Malinde (imfazwe ka Thuthula), xeshikweni uXhosa ephethelene izikhali: wayelapho u Jongumsobomvu eminyakana nje iyi 21 kuphela, ekhokele amabandla akowabo amaMbombo, ethobele umthetho we nkosi yakhe neyayikwa ngu yise, u Lwaganda ka Mlawu. Wabhungca ngezika sibi apho lo mfana, umzimba ulutywantsi ngamanxeba wezikhali zika Ndlambe no nyana wakhe u Mdushane bene Kumkani yabo u Hintsa uqobo; phofu ababelungisa umzi nhabo, ingekuko nokuba babewazonde nganto amakowabo. Ikwaleli qhawe elangenelela ko mkhulu kwa Gcaleka lalulungisa kwatsho kwaluxolo xeshikweni u Kumkani u Hintsa wayegxothe inkosikazi yakhe u Nomsa ka Gambushe wakwa Bomvana, eyigxothela ukusondela kakhulu ku mfundisi owayeyintlola yamaNgesi u Elefu, ekwamthuthela nee ndaba zako mkhulu. Wathi akuyiva lento uKumkani, wayigxotha inkosikazi yakhe; nto leyo eyadala ingxaki ngakwi nkwenkwe ka Nomsa u Sarhili yakufikelela kwithuba lokwaluka. Inkwenkwe yayingaluki unina engekho kuba isuthu yayilakhelwa ngu nina wayo, nokutya ikuphekelwa kwangu nina wayo. Yahamba iminyaka u Sarhili engade oluke, ne ntanga zakhe zingade zoluke, kwath kuba u Hintsa ebesonqeneka kumaphakathi wakhe, futhi esuka afudumale rhoqo xa uphathwa loo m'ba we nkwenkwe yakhe. Amagcaleka athumela ku Maqoma ukuba aze kuwasombululela; efikile u Maqoma wathetha ne Kumkani yakhe, yazithoba yakuba ivile, yaphuthuma inkosikazi kowayo kwa Gambushe emaBomvaneni, watsho waluka u Sarhili ne butho lakhe. Mhla u Kumkani wamaXhosa wonke u Hintsa egetyengwa ngu Smith nezinja zakhe e Nqabarha kwa Gcaleka ngo 1835, ikwangu Jongumsobomvu owaba noxanduva lokujika nokufundisa isifundo loo mkhuthuka wesibhongobhiyane so mduka wase Ngilani, asibeke endaweni yaso. Ukanti nange mfazwe yezembe ngo 1847 mhla lisifa ngenxa ka Tsili, ikwangu Jongumsobomvu owabanjwayo engazange aqale mfazwe, koko iqalwe yi Nkosi yakhe u Sandile; wakhonkxwa umntwanomhle, kwayiwa kuhlekiswa ngaye e Gqeberha, enyathelwe entanyeni okwenja phambi kwezo ziqhu zee ndlavini zamadlagusha angenabuntu na mbeko yokuhlonipha abantwana begazi, iindlavini ezigcwele intiyo nobuhlanga. Nhoxa kunjalo, akazange athyafe nalapho umntaka Lwaganda, nhoko waye yedwa erhangqwe okwethokazi lirhangqwe zii nkunzi; yaafunga ikwekwe ka Nothonto yamunca iintupha yathi "uyabona u Smith lo, uzakundazi kungekudala, futhi igama lam akasokuze alilibale". Ngokwenene kwabanjalo ngoba ugxothwe emkhosini wamaNgesi u Smith akuba oyiswe ngu Maqoma izihlandlo, ngale mfazwe ka Mlanjeni e Mthontsi, ebulala iinjengele zamaNgesi ezithwesiweyo, ezazilwe koo India, koo New Zealand, koo Australia nakoo Canada; waziqwenga nganye-nganye u Maqoma kwelo hlathi lase Mthontsi; esithi umntwanenkosi "Kwakuthiwe ndigezile nge mfazwe ye Zembe, ndifuna ukubonisa ihlabathi lonke ukuba xa ndigeza kuba njani". Le mfazwe ka Mlanjeni yatsala iminyaka emithathu yonke, ukusukela ngo 1850 ukuya kutsho ngo 1853; nto leyo eyakhokelela kwii toyi-toyi noku qhankqalaza okungapheliyo kwilizwe lase Ngilani, abemi balapho besithi badiniwe kukuhlawula irhafu echithwa kwii mfazwe zamaXhosa ezingapheliyo. 

Sir George Cathcart (owangena ezihlangwini zika Harry Smith ngo 1852). Idolophana i Cathcart (Kwa Daliwe) ithiywe ngaye

U Smith wa gxothwa ngabaphathi bakhe, wabuyela kwase Ngilani apho wafela khona eli qhawe eloxuthwe intshinga, wabuyela eNgilani umsila ewufake phakathi kwemilenze, ebethwe woyiswa. U Maqoma kwelakhe icala engaxolanga, esithi umfuna yena buqu; wasinda u Smith sele evalelekile kwi nqaba yakhe i Fort Hare, ephelelwe zii mbumbulu, erhangqwe macala onke - waba namawabo, wancedwa kukufika ko mkhosi wama Mfengu owawuvela e Rhini uze kumsindisa kulo ngxingo wayezibhaqe ekuyo. 

Mhasikhe sime apho mabandla akulo Jingqi, nhani nonke mabandla ka Phalo, kuba kaloku inkosi ayigqitywa; okwangoku sa' kube sikhahlela sisithi: Ahhh Jongumsobomvu!!

Maqoma (Ahh Jongumsobomvu)

Ngwe ndini ka Fodayisi,

iZulu eladum' ezintaben' emathole,

Lafik' eMthontsi lafeketha,

Lifekethe ku Fodayisi nezinja zakhe, no Smithi ulivile ligqekrez' eNgcwenxa.

ngu Nduma zingaphambili kuphela umntaka Ngqika, kub' ezingemva zezegwala, ingelilo nesiko lase maTshaweni kakad' ukuza ngo mva.

ngu Ndukw' ebomvu esekhosi ka Xhosa yokubeth' amaNgesi; indukw'  esayibekelwa' emgqubeni ngu Phalo, Yarholwa ngu Rhili no Sandile sel' ivuthiwe, ayib' amaNgesi ayiphos' esiqithini ngokukholwa yimivumbo, kant' iyaku mila ibengu mthi olulutho kuthi maXhosa!