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uBukumkani buka Xhosa




Abantu abaninzi xa kuthethwa ngobuKumkani, into yokuqala eye ifike ezingqondweni zabo zii Nkosi nee Kumkani kuphela; kanti hayi akunjalo. uBukumkani yi mbumba yeziqu ngeziqu ezininzi, ukusukela kubasengi bee nkomo zako mkhulu, amaKhosikazi nee ntombi zesizwe, aMadoda nabafana besizwe, iiNgqondi nee Nzululwazi, amaGqirha, amaTola, izanuse, amaXhwele, iimbongi, izibonda, nee Nkosi; bonke aba bantu bayi mbumba, baze babe nomntu oyi nkokheli yabo engu mlomo nobuso bo mbuso: iKumkani; nalapha kwa Xhosa ke umbuso umi kunjalo. Ungeva abantu abanolwazi oluncinci besithi “Kanti yintoni umsebenzi wezi nkosi, zibhatalwa nje akukho nto ziyenzayo” kube eneneni emsulwa iNkosi iyi Nkosi ngabantu bayo; aba bantu banolwazi olu ncinci abazibuzi bona ukuba “Yintoni mna endiyenzayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkosi le iyawenza umsebenzi wayo, kwaye inesidima esifanelekileyo?” ngoba njengase burhulumenteni, inkosi inikwa uxanduva ngabantu bayo ize yona ibakhokele baye kule ndawo bafuna ukuya kuyo; bubuphakathi ke obo. Abanye abazange balubeka kwa unyawo ko mkhulu oko bazalwa, abazazi nee nkqubo zako mkhulu ukuba zihamba njani. Bambi uyakubeva besithi ubukumkani abukho emaXhoseni ntonje yhi ngqokolela yee Nkosi nezizwe ezizimeleyo, batsho bebala intlaninge yezizwe (amaMpondo, abaThembu, amaMpondomise, amaBhaca njalo njalo); asiyo nyaniso naleyo ngoba ezo zizwe azidibenanga no Xhosa kwaye azizange zadibanda kwa ntlandlolo, into ekunayo lu lwazi nje olungekhoyo okanye olu ncinane ebantwini; uBumkumkani kwa Xhosa bukhona kwaye bukhulu kakhulu, buphakathi ko Mbhashe ne Xelexwa (Gamtoos river) bunezithanga, bunezandla ezilawula iintlanjana nemi mango, nee nqila. Ezi zandla ke zizibonda ezineziduko ezingesiso esamaTshawe; ze Phakathi kwale mimango nee ntlanjana ibe zizi zwana ezilawulwa zii Nkosi (amaTshawe), nkosi ezo zingaphantsi kwe Nkosi enkulu, iKumkani ukutsho; lonto leyo ixela nje mhlophe ukuba ubukhosi abulo xanduva nha mhemhe yazi nkosi zodwa, kodwa luxanduva lwakhe wonke umntu ozibiza umXhosa, ibe ke futhi indoda yokwenene inexanduva lokuzihlupha ngezinto ze sizwe sayo, ize ithi xa inamacebo okulungisa imiceli mngeni yesizwe eso sayo iye ko mkhulu, ngoba imiba edla umzi ixoxwa ko mkhulu, ngolo hlobo inkosi itsho ibenabantu. Imbongi yesizwe u SEK Mqhayi (1875 – 1945) uthi “ kuzo zonke izizwe ezikhoyo kumazantsi e Afrika, u Xhosa akafumanekanga emncinane nakwesinye sazo.  uTshaka ka Senzangakhona ubusekile ubukumkani buka Zulu nge Krele lakhe nangobu gorha bakhe nge xesha lika Hintsa ngomnyaka wee 1816. uHintsa lowo wayesele enobu Kumkani obunezithanga zabo (Provinces), ubukumkani obuqala enxwemeni kumlambo u Mthatha kuma Bomvana ka Gambushe ukuya kuphathelela e Xelexwa (Jeffrey’s Bay), ukunyuka ukuya kutsho kwii ntaba zika Nojoli e Somerset East. u Moshoeshoe ubusekile ubu Kumkani base Lesotho ngo 1824 ngobukhali bakhe be ngqondo nangobu lumko bakhe; kodwa yena uyi ntanga ka Maqoma no Hintsa abazelwe obuka Xhosa ubuKumkani sebunezithanga zabo, ube no mhlaba ka Moshoeshoe iLesotho ubungengaphezulu koka Maqoma ithanga (Province) lasemaXhoseni”.


Ezintweni zonke ezenza ubukumkani obububo, eyona nto ibuzinzisayo ngu Mbuso. Lingade ikhalipha okanye igorha loyise zonke izizwe kwii mbombo zone, kanti umbuso ne mpatho lingenazo liyazikhohlisa ngokuthi linobu Kumkani. Lento yenza ubukumkani yi mpatho yokuphathwa kwesizwe ngemithetho, imithetho ebopha wonke ubani ukuba abe ngaphantsi kwawo yaye awulandele. uRharhabe uthe sele emkile kowabo komkhulu kwa Gcaleka ngo nyaka ka 1730, wazimela yedwa kwilizwekazi elikhulu, wathi kanti nhoko kunjalo imithetho usayilindele emva kowabo ko Mkhulu kwa Gcaleka, kwaye nezinye iindawo angazigqibi ziye kugqitywa emva kwa Khawuta; leyo ke yi nkqu yo mbuso nobuKumkani. Nge mfazwe ka Ngcayechibi ngo 1877 xa amaNgesi ayehlasela u Sarhili iKumkani yamaXhosa wonke ngaphesheya kwe nciba, u Sandile inkosi yamaRharhabe, ithanga (Province) lasemaXhoseni uxinwe ngamaphakathi wakhe ekubonakala ukuba amanye wawo sele efakwe ekhwapheni ngu mcinezeli – ayamnqanda awafuni angene kule mfazwe, uthi u Sandile “Ndingahlala njani phantsi u Rhili esilwa? Ukuba uyalwa aze oyiswe nam andiyi kuba yinto, ubukhosi buya kubhanga”; Eneneni wayingena lo mfazwe u Sandile, wayilwa ngobugorha obukhulu, wafela kwakuyo ngo 1878, ngu Mbuso ka Xhosa kelowo. Okokugqibela, ilizwi le nkosi okanye ilizwi le Kumkani ayilo lizwi linga tsitywayo, nangona nje belawula kodwa balawula belandela umthetho wesizwe, mthetho lowo wonke umntu ungaphantsi kwawo, nabo bezinkosi benjalo bangaphantsi kwawo. iKumkani ayisuke ikhe isigqibo okanye isigwebo nje entloko, koko ilandela umthetho ngokokuhamba kwawo. Ngamanye amaxesha inkosi okanye iKumkani isikhupha  isigwebo ilila kuba ingahambisani naso kodwa kuthi kuba umthetho ngu mthetho kunyanzeleke ukuba isikhuphe ingahambisani naso injalo; ngu Mbuso ke lowo.

Makhe sijonge abanye babaphathi bo mbuso ka Xhosa.

Kwa-Gcaleka (iNdlunkulu ka Xhosa wonke)

iKumkani = ngu Zwelonke ka Xolilizwe; ka Zwelidumile ka Gwebinkumbi ka Sigcawu ka Sarhili ka Hintsa ka Khawuta ka Gcaleka ka Phalo.

iKomkhulu: Nqadu, Ku Gatyana.

·        iPhakathi elikhulu / isiThethi sako mkhulu(Prime minister) =  asimazi umfo okhoyo ngoku kodwa, ukwi nzala ka Sijako ka Bhacela ka Khwaza ka Ngqila ka Wohle ka Thotywayo. ngama Giqwa isiduko sabo, uMkhosi ekuthwa yi Ntshinga kwa Xhosa kwicala lakwa Gcaleka ukhokelwa ngama Giqwa; ulwaluko lwamakhwenkwe, nokuqokelelwa kwe lobola ye Kumkani luxanduva lwabo, ukanti namaqhinga we mfazwe aza nabo ngaphambili, luxanduva lwabo. Xa kusoluka iNkosi, umdlanga uqala ku Mgiqwa wandule ukuya kwi nkosi – kanjalo noTshaba luqala kuye phambi kokuba lufike kwi nkosi; ukanti nase Bhomeni uMntanenkosi uhlahla no Mgiqwa.

·        iSekela Sithethi = Yi nzala Rhuneyi ka Qeqe ka Ganya ka Mpulu.

ngama Ngwevu isiduko sabo, elinye icala lo mkhosi waseMaxhoseni obizwa nge Qawuka ukhokelwa ngabo. uMntana we nkosi eBhomeni uhlala no Mgiqwa, lize elinye ibutho lamakhwenkwe oluke no mntwanenkosi luhlahle no Mngwevu.

 

Izindlu zase Kunene kwa Gcaleka

A.     iNdlu yokunene ka Gcaleka: iphethwe ngu Soya ka Sithatha ka Ngxito ka Ncamba ka Gxaba ka Daluhlanga ka Mdabuka ka Dalasile ka Gxaba ka Velelo ka Gcaleka.

B.     iNdlu yokunene ka Khawuta: iphethwe ngu Nongudlu ka Mabobothi ka Xhoxho ka Maphasa ka Bhurhu ka Khawuta ka Gcaleka ka Phalo.

C.      iNdlu yokunene ka Hintsa: iphethwe ngu Dwayi ka Dumalisile ka Ncaphayi ka Hintsa ka Khawuta ka Gcaleka Ka Phalo.

D.     iNdlu yokunene ka Sarhili: iphethwe ngu Zanelanga ka Krazukile ka Mcothama ka Sarhili ka Hintsa ka Khawuta ka Gcaleka ka Phalo.

E.      iNdlu yokunene ka Sigcawu: iphethwe ngu Thabathile ka Xhelinkunzi ka Sigcawu ka Sarhili ka Hintsa ka Khawuta ka Gcaleka ka Phalo.

Izindlu ze Qadi kwa Gcaleka

A.     iNdlu ye Qadi ka Gcaleka: iphethwe ngu Gilifisi (Griffiths) ka Dimanda ka Sibhozo ka Nzabela Ka Rhaba ka Faku (**Not the Mpondo King) ka Gcaleka ka Phalo.

A.1. iQadi lika Gcaleka eliza ngemva ko Gilifisi liphethwe ngu Fundakubi ka Ngcweleshe ka Stokhwe ka Mdushane ka Mneke ka Gcaleka ka Phalo.

B.     indlu yeQadi ka Khawuta: iphethwe ngu Ndumiso ka Ngqongongqongo ka Bhotomane ka Mthini ka Nkani ka Khawuta ka Gcaleka ka Phalo.

C.      iNdlu ye Qadi ka Hintsa: iphethwe Ngu Ludidi umfo esimqondayo.

D.     iNdlu ye Qadi ka Sarhili: iphethwe ngu Ntlakomzi ka Mtoto ka Sarhili ka Hintsa ka Khawuta ka Gcaleka ka Phalo.

E.      iNdlu yeQadi ka Sigcawu: ?

Izindlu zase Xhibeni kwa Gcaleka

A.     Indlu yase Xhibeni ka Gcaleka: ngu Ngangolwandle ka Zwelinzima ka Mgwebi ka Ngxito ka Lutshaba ka Gcaleka. Lendlu xa ibizwa kuthwa yimiTshayelo okanye emTshayelweni

 

Kwa Rharhabe (iNdlu yokunene ka Xhosa wonke)

iNkosi eNkulu = Ngu Vululwandle ka Maxhobayakhawuleza ka Bazindlovu ka Velile ka Faku (not the Mpondo King), ka Gonya ka Sandile ka Ngqika Ka Mlawu ka Rharhabe ka Phalo.

**ooNyana baka Rharhabe naba: ngu Mlawu, ngu Ndlambe ngu Gasela no Nukwa .

iKomkhulu: Mngqesha, e Qonce.

iPhakathi elikhulu / isiThethi sako mkhulu (Prime minister) = Yi nzala ka Mmoshi ka Mhlontlo (not the Mpondomise King) ka Ntsangani ka Thyala. Isiduko sabo ngama Dala baphuma kwa Gambushe kuma Bomvana; bemi ku Centane ngoku e Nxaxho.

iSekela Sithethi = Yi nzala ka Joni ka Henry ka Festile ka Soga; isiduko sabo ngama Jwarha.

Elilandela elo iPhakathi = Yinzala ka Mlawuli ka Ndesana ka Mboyi ka Qukwana; isiduko sabo ngama Ntakwenda, baphethe eMsento ku Centane.

 

Izindlu zase Kunene kwa Rharhabe

iNkosi enkulu uRharhabe eku kunene yona ngokwayo buqu kobu bumkani buka Xhosa akabanga nayo indlu yaseKunene, no Mlawu unyana wakhe ngokunjalo akabanga nayo. iNkosi ebe nendlu yokunene kwa Rharhabe ibe ngu Ndlambe ahhh! Ndabanduna; ngoko ke sakuqala kuye size nazo.

A.     Indlu yase Kunene ka Ndlambe: iphethwe yi nzala ka Zimlindile ka Gushiphela ka Menziwa ka Siwani ka Mdushane ka Ndlambe ka Rharhabe ka Phalo. Umzi ume eQonce.

      **** iNdlu enkulu ka Ndlambe yona iphethwe yinzala ka Ngwenyathi ka Silimela ka Mankinana (u Ndluzodaka) ka Mhala (u Mbodla) ka Ndlambe (u Ndabanduna) ka Rharhabe (u Butsolobeentonga), umzi ume e Dutywa.

B.     Indlu yase Kunene ka Nukwa owalekela u Ndlambe: iphethwe yinzala ka Kadeni ka Domu ka Toyise ka Gasela ka Nukwa ka Rharhabe ka Phalo. umzi ume Qonce.

C.      Indlu yase Kunene ka Anta: iphethwe yi nzala ka Siwabese ka Velaphi ka Bhobhozayo ka Anta ka Mlawu ka Rharhabe ka Phalo. uMzi ume ku Centane e Msintsana.

D.     Indlu yase Kunene ka Ngqika: iphethwe yi nzala ka Velenzima ka Jamangile ka Namba ka Maqoma ka Ngqika ka Mlawu ka Rharhabe ka Phalo. Umzi ume e Gqunkqe ku Centane.

E.      Indlu yase Kunene ka Maqoma: iphethwe yi nzala ka Jongizulu ka Mhlabeni ka Ndamase (Not the Mpondo chief) ka Kona ka Maqoma ka Ngqika ka Mlawu ka Rharhabe ka Phalo.

F.      Indlu ka yase Kunene ka Sandile: ?

G.     Indlu yase Kunene ka Thyali: iphethwe yi nzala ka Bomvu ka Nombanjana ka Ngonyama ka Thyali ka Ngqika ka Mlawu ka Rharhabe ka Phalo.

Bumi ngoluhlobo ke ubu Kumkani buka Xhosa, kanti aziphelelanga apha. Kukho nezindlu zaba Mbo (AmaMfengu) ezaza kukhonza emaXhoseni ngexesha lika Hintsa, nazo zilapha; ukanti nama Bomvana (Xhorha & Mqanduli) akwa ngu mzi walapha emaXhoseni, kuba u Gambushe waza kukhonza ku Hintsa naye ngexesha lee mfazwe ze mfecane; umhlaba ophakathi ko Mthatha no Mbhashe wanikelwa kuye ukuba awuphathe. Unina ka Sarhili, iKumkani yamaXhosa wonke u Nomsa yi ntombi ye nkosi yamaBomvana; u Gambushe. Unanamhla akwenziwa kugqitywe ko Mkhulu kwa Gcaleka engazi amaRharhabe nama Bomvana. Kwa Bomvana ngoku kuphethe u Zwelikhanyile ka Zwelenqaba ka Ngubezulu ka Gwebindlala ka Ngonyama ka Moni (Umhlophe ka Ntshunqe) ka Gambushe ka Ntshunqe; ngamaTshezi ke lawo.



 

              

 

 

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